A hostname is the unique name by which a network-attached device ( which could consist of a PC, file server, network storage device, fax, copier, wire modem, for example. ) is understood on a network.
On the Net, the terms “hostname” and “domain name” are commonly used interchangeably, but there are delicate technical differences between them. Hostnames are employed by varied naming systems, NIS, DNS, SMB, etc, and the meaning of the word hostname will change according to the naming system in question, which in turn varies by sort of network. A hostname suggestive to a Microsoft NetBIOS workgroup might be an invalid Net hostname. When presented with a hostname and no context, it is mostly safe to say that the network is the web and DNS is the hostname’s naming system. They are human-readable nicknames, which at last correspond to unique network hardware MAC addresses.
On a straightforward neighborhood network, a hostname is generally a single word : as an example, an organization’s CVS server could be named “cvs” or “server-1″.
Online, a hostname is a domain name allotted to a host PC.
This is generally a mix of the host’s local name with its parent domain’s name. For instance, “en.wikipedia.org” includes a local hostname ( “en” ) and the domain name “wikipedia.org”. It is possible for a single host PC to have many hostnames ; but typically the operating system of the host likes to have one hostname that the host uses for itself. Any domain name may also be a hostname, so long as the limitations discussed below are followed. A hostname might be a domain name, if it is properly arranged into the domain name system. Hostnames are composed from series of labels concatenated with dots, as are all domain names[1]. For instance, “en.wikipedia.org” is a hostname.
Each label must be between one and 63 characters long, and the complete hostname has up to 255 characters. RFCs remit a hostname’s labels may contain only the ASCII letters ‘a’ thru ‘z’ ( case-insensitive ), the digits ’0′ thru ’9′, and the hyphen.
Hostname labels can’t begin or end with a hyphen. No other symbols, punctuation characters, or blank spaces are authorized. Systems like DomainKeys and service records use the underline as a means to reassure their special domain names aren’t confused with hostnames. As an important example of failure to comply, Windows systems frequently use underlines in hostnames.
Since some systems will dump invalid hostnames whilst others will not, the use of invalid hostname characters has led to many refined issues in systems that connect to the wider world. For instance, RFC-compliant mail servers will refuse to supply mail for Windows computers with names containing underlines. So, the hostname “en.wikipedia.org” is made from the DNS labels “en”, “wikipedia” and “org”. Labels like “2600″ and “3com” can be employed in hostnames, but “-hi-” and “*hi*” are invalid. A hostname is thought to be a totally qualified domain name ( FQDN ) if all of the labels up to and including the top-level domain name ( TLD ) are mentioned. The hostname “en.wikipedia.org” terminates with the top-level domain “org” and is so fully-qualified. Relying on the system, an unqualified hostname like “compsci” or “wikipedia” could be mixed with default domain names to figure out the totally qualified domain name. So, a student at Harvard may be in a position to send mail to “joecompsci” and have it immediately qualified by the mail systems so that it is sent to “joecompsci.harvard.edu”.
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